Prevención de la cervicalgia: Ergonomía y Biomecánica de cuello

Abstract

Neck pain and discomfort are some of the most common work-related symptoms. It is also one of the most neglected parts of the body and can be the source of some upper limb complaints, whether arm, forearm, or hand, since we sometimes misuse them. First of all, when performing work, we must consider environmental factors. Humans can adopt postures, move, and interact thanks to the combined work of muscles, nerves, ligaments, tendons, bones, and joints. These structures are precisely subjected to repetitive movements, overexertion, and improper postures during work, which ultimately lead to injury. Cervical spine trauma due to improper posture, such as prolonged flexion, extension, lateralization, and rotation that require excessive muscular action, is a common cause of muscle fatigue, pain, chronic injuries, degenerative changes, and disability. The most common improper posture is that of the head flexed forward, which places the head in front of the center of gravity, which is increasingly common in the digital age. Posture is influenced by daily living activities, with neck problems being more common in certain occupational groups such as computer operators, electronics assembly, sewing, construction, and packaging operations, to name a few. Therefore, ergonomics plays a crucial role in preventing neck pain. Making small changes in the workplace can make a big difference. Designing the operating point in front of the operator to maintain an upright position and reduce twisting.